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Fundamental guitar chords are triads, which connect three intervals (major or minor). Intermediate guitarists may also perform seventh chords or dominant seventh chords.
Standard tuning produces triads with consistent shapes across the fretboard; however, chords may be diagonally shifted in various alternate tunings.
Scales
A scale is a musical pattern consisting of notes spanning an octave. The note at the start of an octave, known as the tonic, and its relationship to other notes determines its type (major or minor). Scales may contain any number of notes; those consisting of more than seven are known as diatonic scales.
C major is composed of six notes – C, D, E, F, G, A and B – plus the Dorian mode which adds a mournful yet reflective sound reminiscent of Michael Jackson’s Billie Jean or Smoke on the Water by Deep Purple.
The octatonic/diminished scale is an extremely flexible system of chords, used in popular songs such as All You Need Is Love by The Beatles and Chasing Cars by Snow Patrol.
Fingerings
Chords are an indispensable component of a guitar player’s vocabulary. Not only are they an invaluable way to learn different scales and fingering techniques, they’re also essential in understanding different genres as they’re found everywhere from jazz to alternative rock music. Furthermore, chords can be played on any type of instrument tuned to standard tuning — whether electric or acoustic guitar alike!
F Major 7 chord is similar in sound and structure to regular F Major, yet unique due to an E note on its open high E string which adds summery or jazzy flavor. Without using this shape and strumming regular F chord instead, however, will sound rather flat and uninspiring.
Use this chord shape when performing songs by Switchfoot such as Meant To Live and Korn’s Coming Undone for power chord songs that require aggressive strumming with lots of distortion.
Alternate tunings
Alternate tunings can open up an immense range of chord shapes and sounds, giving guitarists access to unique chord voicings that add texture, nuance and dimension. Sonic Youth guitarist Thurston Moore, John Rzeznik of Goo Goo Dolls and Billy Corgan of Smashing Pumpkins have all utilized altered tunings successfully in their work as musicians.
One of the more widely used alternate tunings is Open G, which is one step below standard tuning and has been utilized by artists like George Thorogood (using an e-flat capo on the second fret) and Sevendust for their song “Mountain”.
Drop D is another variation on this tuning and has been employed by bands like Queens of the Stone Age, Sleep, Spiritual Beggars, In Flames (up until their Clayman era), Bring Me the Horizon and Periphery.
Arpeggios
Arpeggios can make it easier to improvise over chord progressions by providing single-note melodies that sound like chords; they can be played over any chord in any key and over any progression. For instance, G major arpeggio has three notes–root, third and fifth notes–just like any triad chord.
Arpeggios should be practiced using both hands. This will help you learn them faster while developing finger dexterity. Once ready, combine them into single note melodies with chord progressions.
Tom Petty’s hit song Free Fallin’ features arpeggios prominently to create its unique sound, while Slash’s rendition of Guns N’ Roses’ Don’t Cry also relies heavily on arpeggios for effect.